12225966 (Tissue: muscle) We have recently reported that inhibition of muscle MAPKK1/2 (MEK1/2) abolishes isoproterenol-stimulated NKCC activity and ERK1/2 phosphorylation ( 31 ).
12393899 (Tissue: cortex, CellType: neural) To inhibit the ERK1/2 pathway, we applied PD98059, an inhibitor of MKK1 and MKK2 ( 30 ), which are upstream kinases that phosphorylate and activate ERK1/2.