The promoter of the interleukin 1-alpha (IL1A) gene contains AP-1 binding sites which are occupied by the AP-1 (FOS:JUN) complex, resulting in the stimulation of IL1A transcription (Bailly et al. 1996 Alheim et al. 1996, Burleson et al. 1996, Huang et al. 1999, Niu et al. 2004, Moerman-Herzog and Barger 2012, Murakami et al. 2013).