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Alternative pathway of fetal androgen synthesis
http://purl.org/dc/terms/description
The development of sexual organs in humans is still not completely understood at the molecular level, controlled through the chromosomal difference between men and women. Steroids related to sexual development can have a temporary or permanent effects. Androgens are the leading compounds differentiating between (among other sexual organs) the internal and external genitalia of men.
Next to the classical pathway of androgen synthesis (see [https://www.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP4523]), alternative pathways are known, which make use of either selective expression patterns of isoenzymes or alternate enzymes. As an alternative, a socalled 'backdoor pathway', which can create dihydrotestosterone (DHT), skipping testosterone. Several enzymes between the classical and backdoor pathway are shared, however the later one utilises one unique enzyme, 3-alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 (gene: AKR1C2). Even though the relevance of this backdoor pathway for humans is not completely clear yet, mutations in the human AKR1C2 gene can lead to disordered sexual differentiation. This finding would indicate that both the classical and the alternative pathway are needed for normal development of male genitalia in humans.
For more information on androgens, see Hiort (2013 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23800242]), and for more information on the disease linked to this pathway, please visit Chapter 37 of the book of Blau (ISBN 3642403360 (978-3642403361)).
http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier http://purl.org/dc/terms/references
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https://identifiers.org/pubmed/23800242
https://identifiers.org/pubmed/10898110
https://identifiers.org/pubmed/25577493
https://identifiers.org/pubmed/2339109
https://identifiers.org/pubmed/26855069
https://identifiers.org/pubmed/26976652
https://identifiers.org/pubmed/27339894
https://identifiers.org/pubmed/26587646
https://identifiers.org/pubmed/26668369
https://identifiers.org/pubmed/16216911
https://identifiers.org/pubmed/7217084
https://identifiers.org/pubmed/21636783
https://identifiers.org/pubmed/9452426
https://identifiers.org/pubmed/11294878
https://identifiers.org/pubmed/11329262
https://identifiers.org/pubmed/11360992
https://identifiers.org/pubmed/10998348
https://identifiers.org/pubmed/21802064
https://identifiers.org/pubmed/14640697
https://identifiers.org/pubmed/1238395
https://identifiers.org/pubmed/12917011
https://identifiers.org/pubmed/17386955
https://identifiers.org/pubmed/18707589
https://identifiers.org/pubmed/164477
https://identifiers.org/pubmed/19661994
https://identifiers.org/pubmed/21159775
https://identifiers.org/pubmed/21586563
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